Waste travels through the intestine, where further absorption occurs, and out the anus, which is posterior to the atriopore but not near the tip of the tail. The process of photosynthesis is so prominent that it sometimes masks the process of respiration in plants. On the other hand, cephalochordates lack features found in most or all true vertebrates: the brain is very small and poorly developed, sense organs are also poorly developed, and there are no true vertebrae. Nutrients would be transferred to blood vessels at the base of the epithelial cells. In eukaryotic cells, respiration takes place in the mitochondria, which is also considered as the powerhouse of the cells.. About 70% of CO 2 are transported in this form. Aerobic respiration needs oxygen but anaerobic respiration does not. 21,31 Most caudates, by comparison, take up most of their oxygen through cutaneous respiration, even in species that possess lungs. Cephalochordates and vertebrates have a hollow, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a notochord. Respiration is a metabolic process common to all living things. Water is taken in through the mouth, drawn in by the beating of cilia located on the wheel organ, a Now, we shall discuss respiration in amoeba, insects, earthworm, fish and human beings in detail. Fructose from this reaction is converted to glucose by other enzymes that are also in the apoplast. ... occurs in muscle cells during rigorous activity when the cells do not have enough oxygen so fermentation occurs and latic acid is produced ... it needs to get energy from respiration. Respiration occurs in the cytosol and around the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells. Therefore, at night the respiration in plants becomes prominent. In aquatic animals such as fish respiration takes place through special respiratory organs called gills. CO 2 is carried from tissue to the lungs through plasma. While in all the land animals such as birds, dog, cat, cow and humans respiration takes place through special respiratory organs called lungs. Blood flowing through the muscles removes the lactic acid. This process is very much similar to internal combustion of the car engine, wherein organic compounds and oxygen go in, while water and carbon dioxide comes out. Respiration in arthropods occurs through(a) gills (b) booklungs (c) trachea (d) all of the above Like aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration occurs in cells, but glucose does not completely break down. Respiration is also referred to as gas exchange, and it occurs in two areas of the body. Branchiostoma belcheri and B. lanceolatum are among the largest. The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history.