He became Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and his conquests included Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia (north Iraq, northeastern Syria and southwestern Turkey), Hejaz, Yemen and into North Africa. By mid-1175, Saladin had conquered Hama and Homs, inviting the animosity of his former Zengid lords, who had been the official rulers of Syria. ... in Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Saladin (1137/1138–1193) was a Muslim military and political leader who as sultan (or leader) led Islamic forces during the Crusades. Saladin, the sultan of Egypt and Syria, watched as his men finally breached the walls of Jerusalem and poured into the city full of European Crusaders and their followers.Eighty-eight years earlier, when the Christians had taken the city, they massacred the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. Hide Search. The crusades. Baybars I, most eminent of the Mamlūk sultans of Egypt and Syria, which he ruled from 1260 to 1277. Trade in much of Europe declined after the fall of Rome, and towns and cities declined in size, roads were not safe, and feudal manors were an important and self-sufficient unit. Franks" and "Latins" were used by the peoples of the Near East during the crusades for western Europeans, distinguishing them from the Byzantine Christians who were known as "Greeks". He was by no means the romantic hero he had become in the West, but histories of Egypt or Syria could hardly fail to mention him. Shares. At first, the Crusaders paid little attention to Egypt, but they soon began to consider … This Is What Killed Medieval Sultan Who Conquered Jerusalem During the Crusades. ... the sultan of Egypt … Baibars I was a powerful Sultan who is remembered most for his military leadership, especially against Crusaders and Mongols, but also for his diplomatic skills. Towns and Trade Routes In AD 1000. "Saracen" was used for an Arab Muslim, derived from a Greek and Roman name for the nomadic peoples of the Syro-Arabian desert. He reigned from 1174-1193 A.D. Al-Malik al-Kamil was sultan, or leader, of Egypt and later of Syria during both the Fifth (1218–21) and the Sixth (1228–29) Crusades. Asked in Crusades , Ancient History 1) near Tiberias in Galilee. The principality of Antioch. While Saladin led Muslim opposition to the western Crusaders, he … OF the four leading states founded by the Crusaders in Syria, the principality of Antioch was the most northerly and the kingdom of Jerusalem the most southerly. He is often regarded as the most famous of the Mamluk Sultans who ruled Egypt and Syria during the Medieval period. On July 4, 1187, the armies of Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, surrounded thousands of Crusaders surmounting the Horns of Hattin (fig. ... Saladin takes control of Aleppo, uniting … During the first part of the Crusades, Egypt was under the control of Fatamid rulers. Muslim Perspectives on the Military Orders during the Crusades. Author William J. Hamblin. He is noted both for his military campaigns against Mongols and crusaders and for his internal administrative reforms. Salah Ad Din Yusuf Ayyubid was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and sultan of Egypt and Syria during the time of the second and third crusades.